Adding an MQTT Device to Home Assistant

When adding a MQTT device to Home Assistant you have 4 options

• Manual setup using configuration.yaml file.(All MQTT devices)
• Auto setup using  configuration data sent on the config topic.(All MQTT devices)
• Auto setup using  configuration data sent using the SeOption19 option and MQTT auto discovery.(Tasmota only)
• Auto setup using  configuration data sent using  MQTT auto discovery and the Tasmota integration. (preferred but Tasmota only)

In this tutorial we will look at the first two methods manual and auto using configuration data sent in an MQTT payload.

Manual Setup- Editing the configuration.yaml File

One of the confusing things I found when doing this is that there are a lot of tutorials on the internet explaining how to do it the old way. So you would see entries like this:

Whereas the correct format is:

Here are links to the documentation MQTT switch and MQTT sensor.

Example:MQTT switch configuration

mqtt:
  switch:
    - unique_id: bedroom_switch
      name: "Bedroom Switch"
      state_topic: "home/bedroom/switch1"
      command_topic: "home/bedroom/switch1/set"
      availability:
        - topic: "home/bedroom/switch1/available"
      payload_on: "ON"
      payload_off: "OFF"
      state_on: "ON"
      state_off: "OFF"
      optimistic: false
      qos: 0
      retain: true

There are a couple of interesting settings that you need to be aware of.

From the above you will see that the switch publishes it’s state on the topic home/bedroom/switch1 and the options are ON and OFF.

You can turn the switch on/off by publishing a message on the topic home/bedroom/switch1/set with a payload of ON or OFF.

You should note that case is important.

The availability topic is interesting and it is also optional.

If you include it then the switch will show a status of unavailable and sending it a command has no effect.

This is what it looks like in home assistant:

To make it available you need to send a message on topic home/bedroom/switch1/available with a payload of online.

Once it is available then you can add it to the dashboard and control it from the dashboard which I cover later as part of the auto install.

Auto Setup By Sending Configuration Data

When you enable MQTT discovery home assistant lets you setup a discovery prefix topic which by default is homeassistant.

Configuration information is sent using this topic prefix and a final topic string of config.

So we have:

homeassistant/……./config

The actual topic structure is described here and is shown below:

<discovery_prefix>/<component>/[<node_id>/]<object_id>/config

Note the node_id is optional. A real world example is shown below and taken from this tutorial.

homeassistant/sensor/plant_sensor_1/temperature/config

In addition to the topic format the payload must also follow a set format.

The payload is sent as a JSON encoded dictionary.

The following is taken from the docs

The payload must be a serialized JSON dictionary and will be checked like an entry in your configuration.yaml file if a new device is added, with the exception that unknown configuration keys are allowed but ignored. This means that missing variables will be filled with the component’s default values. All configuration variables which are required must be present in the payload.

Python example:

The python example configures an MQTT switch just like the one in the manual configuration described above.

We first need to create our configuration data as a python dictionary as shown below:

payload={"unique_id": "bedroom_socket_switch",
      "name": "Bedroom Socket Switch",
      "state_topic": "home/bedroom/bedroom_socket_switch",
      "command_topic": "home/bedroom/bedroom_socket_switch/set",
      "availability_topic":"home/bedroom/bedroom_socket_switch/available",
      "payload_on": "ON",
      "payload_off": "OFF",
      "state_on": "ON",
      "state_off": "OFF",
      "optimistic": False,
      "qos": 0,
      "retain": True
 }
payload=json.dumps(payload) #convert to JSON

We then convert it to JSON using json.dumps and send it on the topic.

homeassistant/switch/bedroom_socket_switch/config

r=client.publish(config_topic,payload,QOS,retain=True)

If you look at the broker console you will see that when home assistant receives the setup instructions it subscribes to the topics included in the setup data as shown in the screen shot below:

The switch then appears as an entity in home assistant with a red icon as it is currently unavailable.

So now we need to send a message on the available topic as described earlier.

topic=home/bedroom/bedroom_socket_switch/available

message =online

Important -You also need to set the retain flag when you publish otherwise you will need to resend the config data if you shut down and restart home assistant.

When you do this the switch becomes active.

 

Note online is lower case.

Below shows the command I used to make the switch available and then turn it on..

Once the device appears as an entity you can add it to the dashboard using a card.

And this is what it looks like

Python Config Script Download

 

Device Configuration information Storage in Home Assistant

Home Assistant doesn’t appear to store the device configuration information anywhere but instead publishes it to the MQTT broker as a retained message.

This means that when it restarts it receives the configuration data from the broker when it subscribes to that topic.

For this to work reliably the broker needs to be configured with a persistent data store.(mosquitto).

 

 

Related Tutorials and Resources

• Home Assistant Configuration.yaml File Basics
• Running home assistant in a docker container
• Smart Homes and MQTT
• Adding a MQTT Sensor To Home Assistant